Currently, Arbitrum appears to be the biggest winner in the upgrade towards Dencun, with its on-chain active users growing the fastest. This achievement may be attributed to its effective leveraging of L3 advantages, making a strong push into the Web3 gaming sector and thereby attracting a large influx of users. Arbitrum’s ecosystem partners include Azuki, ApeCoin, Xai, and XPET. Optimism has been expanding its Layer 2 offerings through Op Stack, with notable platforms such as Base, opBNB, Zora Network, and DeBankChain. From the perspective of ecosystem development, Zk-based systems appear relatively weaker compared to Op-based ones.